Условные предложения. Упражнения

Итак, настало время обобщить все изученное по теме и проверить на практике, как хорошо вы отличаете реальное и нереальное условие в английском языке. Вас ждут упражнения по теме «Conditionals» . Данные упражнения относятся к уровню средний, так как самое сложное (смешанное) условие осталось пока за кадром. Начинающим изучать эту тему рекомендую сначала выполнить

Conditionals. Упражнения на все виды условных предложений (повторение)

Упражнение 1. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, так, чтобы предло­жения выражали реальное условие.

1. If I (see) John, I’ll tell him your news. 2. He (be) very pleased if it (be) really true. 3. If you (go) to town on Monday, you (meet) my brother Tom. 4. If you (need) help, my father (help) you. 5. We (have) a picnic lunch if the day (be) fine. 6. If you (ask) a policeman, he (tell) you the way. 7. I (finish) the job tomorrow if I (can). 8. I (not/take) an umbrella if (not/rain). 9. If they (catch) the bus now, they (arrive) at half past nine. 10. He (find) the answers if he (look) in the keys. 11. If he (write) to her, she (answer) at once. 12. He (lose) weight if he (stop) eating too much. 13. If she (be) patient, I (try) to explain. 14. If we (leave) at once, we (catch) the ear­ly train. 15. If she (drink) this medicine, she (feel) much better.

Упражнение 2. Раскройте скобки таким образом, чтобы предложения выра­жали: а) реальное условие; b) нереальное условие.

1. If I (know), I (tell) you. 2. If she (want) to talk, she (ring up). 3. If he (have) enough money, he (buy) a large house. 4. She (feel) lonely if Peter (go) away. 5. We (be) pleased to see you if you (arrive). 6. If we (can) come on Sunday, we (come). 7. I (understand) Mr Smith if he (speak) slowly. 8. We (not/go) by ship unless there (be) no other way.

Упражнение 3 . Выберите наиболее подходящие типы условных предложений и раскройте скобки .

1. If it (rain), I won’t go out. 2. You would learn more if you (study) sometimes. 3. If he (ask) me, I would have told him the answer. 4. You would have done well if you (take) my advice. 5. I wouldn’t phone you here unless it (be) urgent. 6. She’ll catch cold, if her feet (get) wet in this weather. 7. Unless you apologize at once, I never (speak) to you again. 8. If we (have) nothing to do, life would be boring.

Упражнение 4. Составьте предложения, найдя соответствие между левой и правой колонками.

1. If I go on a diet	a. we’ll make a snowman.
2. If it’s sunny tomorrow	b. I’ll buy you some sweets.
3. If John doesn’t hurry	с she’ll have to take a taxi.
4. If it snows	d. I’ll lose weight.
5. If there are no buses	e. he’ll be late.
6. If you are a good girl	f. we’ll go for a picnic.

Упражнение 5. Закончите предложения .

1. If I had enough money ….
2. If it doesn’t rain soon … .
3. I’ll stay at home if … .
4. I wouldn’t have come to the theatre on time if …
5. If I left home for work earlier ….
6. If I won a prize … .
7. If I were a king … .
8. If I told my parents the truth ….
9. If I were you ….
10. If I were rich ….

Упражнение 6. Отметьте предложения, в которых допущены ошибки.

I.
a) What would you study when you went to college next year?
b) What will you study if you go to the college next year?

II.
a) What will you be when you grow up?
b) What you be if you grow up?

III.
a) If she hadn’t broken the window, she wouldn’t have had to pay for it.
b) If she hasn’t broken the window, she wouldn’t have had to pay for it.

IV.
a) I wouldn’t do that if I were you.
b) I wouldn’t do that if I was you.

V.
a) My mother will blame me if she knew.
b) My mother will blame me if she knows.

Упражнение 7.

1. If I see him, I (tell) him the news. 2. The table will break if you (stand) on it. 3. If he (eat) all the cakes, he will be ill. 4. If I find уour book, I (let) you know. 5. The police (arrest) him if they catch him. 6. If he (read) late at night, he is sleepy in the morning. 7. If he (need) a pen, he can borrow mine. 8. Your car (be stolen) if you left it unlocked. 9. The teacher will get angry if you (make) many mistakes. 10. She will be furious if she (hear) this. 11. If you boil some water, I (make) tea. 12. If you leave your bag here, it (be lost). 13. You’ll miss the bus if you (not/leave) at once. 14. If you come late, they (not/let) you in.

Упражнение 8. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках в нужную форму.

1. If I tell you a secret, you (promise) to keep it? 2. If I had a player typewriter, I (listen) to music. 3. If I (know) her address, I’d write a letter to her. 4. If he worked slowly, he (not/make) so many mis­takes. 5. I could tell you the truth if I (know). 6. He might get fat if he (not/stop) eating much. 7. I (have) a car if I could afford it. 8. What would you do if you (get) stuck between two floors? 9. If he (know) that it was dangerous he wouldn’t come. 10. If I (win) a big money prize, I’d give up my job.

Упражнение 9. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках в нужную форму.

1. If you (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat.
2. I shouldn’t have believed it if I (not/see) it with my own eye.
3. If you had told me that beforehand, I (find) some money for you.
4. If he had asked you, you (answer)?
5. If I (have) a book, I wouldn’t have been bored.
6. If you (speak) slowly, he might have understood you.
7. I (take) a taxi if I had understood that it was too late.
8. If I (be) ready when he called, he would have taken me with him.
9. She had a headache, otherwise she (come).
10. If my mother (know) about the party, she would have baked a cake.
11. If I (try) again, I think that I would have succeeded.
12. If I were you, I (not/buy) such expensive things.
13. If I (live) in the country, I (have) a dog.
14. What you (do) if someone gave you a million pounds?
15. If I (be) you, I (look) for another job.

But for – если бы не

1. But for the rain we (reach) the station on time.
2. But for the weather I (enjoy) my holidays.
3. But for the mosquitoes I (sleep) well.

Упражнение 10. Объедините предложения по образцу.

Образец. I’ll pass this exam. I’ll go to the university. =

If I pass this exam, I’ll go to the university.

1. He can find a cheap flat. He’ll stay here for two more weeks.
2. They don’t speak English, so his English doesn’t improve.
3. The baby is a girl. They’ll call her Ann.
4. He doesn’t work overtime. He doesn’t earn much.
5. He didn’t help me. I didn’t do my work on time.
6. I didn’t see the signal, so I didn’t stop.
7. We didn’t visit the museum because we had no time.
8. You will come late. You need to a taxi.
9. The shop is closed. I can’t buy milk for supper.

Упражнение 11. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в правильной форме.

Laura (live) in a big city. If she (live) in the country, she (have) a dog. Laura (share) a flat with three other girls. But if it (be) possible, she (live) on her own. If she (live) in the country, she (buy) a little cot­tage, and she (grow) her own flowers and vegetables. In town, she (travel) by underground and (go) shopping in big department stores, but she (not/like) this at all. If she (be) in the country, she (ride) her bike, and she (buy) things in the little village shop. She (love) walking and often (go) for a walk in town, but the streets are noisy. In the country, she (walk) across the fields with her dog.

Упражнение 12. Переведите на английский

1. Если увидишь Тома, попроси его позвонить мне. 2. Я бы получил эту работу, если бы у меня было образование (had a degree). 3. Если бы у меня была машина, я бы не опоздал на поезд. 4. Если бы он знал, что ты вчера был дома, он бы зашел. 5. Будь я на твоем месте, я бы стал просить ее помочь.

Упражнение 13. Переведите на английский язык. Обозначьте (RC – реальное условие, UC – нереальное условие)

1. Я куплю хлеб, если магазин все еще будет открыт.
2. На твоем месте я бы последовал совету родителей. (follow)
3. Если ты звонишь по телефону после 8 вечера, это дешевле.
4. Если мы приедем рано, будет не трудно купить билеты на концерт.
5. Если бы у меня было 5 тысяч евро, я бы отправился на Гаити (Haiti).
6. Если бы мне не нужно было идти, я бы с удовольствием поболтал с тобой.
7. Тебе следует заняться чем-то новым, если тебе скучно.
8. Этот пирог был бы вкуснее, если бы ты добавил больше сахара.
9. Если бы у меня было больше друзей, я был бы счастливее.
10. Если мы пойдем куда –нибудь поесть (go out for a meal) , давай пойдем в ресторан.
11. Растение засыхает, если ты не поливаешь его.
12. Если я сплю мало ночью, я засыпаю на уроках. (feel sleepy)

Пример: Perhaps one day you will meet Britney Spears.
What would you do if you met Britney Spears?

1. Perhaps one day a cat will follow you home.
   What would you do...
2. Perhaps one day somebody will ask you to sing your favourite song.
   What would you do...
3. Perhaps one day you will find a hidden treasure.
   What would you do...
4. Perhaps one day somebody will throw an egg at you.
   What would you do...
5. Perhaps one day your car will be stolen.
   What would you do...

Задание 2. Соедините части предложений.

1. I would buy the ring	A. if it snows.
2. If I had taken my mother’s advice	B. I would study French.
3. If you help me	C. I wouldn’t have left the university.
4. We will go skiing	D. if it was cheaper.
5. If I had a lot of free time	E. I won’t be late for work.

Задание 3. Поставьте глагол в скобках в нужную форму.

1. If you drive so fast, you………(crash).
2. If I had had more time, I………(help) you.
3. If I had a yacht, I………often………(go) sailing.
4. I would travel a lot if I …………(have) a lot of money.

Задание 4. Из двух вариантов выберите один верный.

1. If it rains/will rain , I will stay at home.
2. If I had a lot of money, I buy/I would buy a big house.
3. Jim would have entered the university if he had passed/has passed the exams.
4. If I were/would be you, I would tell him everything.

Задание 5. Переведите на английский язык.

1. На твоем месте я не стал бы покупать это платье.
2. Я подвез бы тебя, если бы у меня была машина.
3. Если бы ты не забыл зонтик, ты бы не простыл.
4. Если бы вы работали усерднее в прошлом году, вы бы теперь хорошо знали английский язык.

Ответы с пояснениями

Задание 1.

Во всех предложениях данного задания описываются воображаемые (невероятные/маловероятные), а не реальные ситуации. В подобных случаях употребляется второй тип условных предложений. Во втором типе условных предложений в придаточной части (условии) употребляется Past Simple , а в главном предложении (следствии) употребляется форма сослагательного наклонения – would.

1. What would you do if a cat followed you home?
2. What would you do if somebody asked you to sing your favourite song?
3. What would you do if you found a hidden treasure?
4. What would you do if somebody threw an egg at you?
5. What would you do if your car was/were stolen? (в придаточной части (условии) условных предложений допустимо использовать were вместо was )

Задание 2.

D

Смотрим на перевод: я бы купил кольцо... Это воображаемая ситуация, значит, необходимо употребить второй тип условных предложений – Past Simple в придаточной части (условии), would – в главном предложении (следствии). В первой части предложения употреблена форма сослагательного наклонения would, значит, из ответов ищем подходящий по смыслу вариант в форме Past Simple. Выбираем if it was/were cheaper и помним, что в придаточной части (условии) условных предложений допустимо использовать were вместо was .

C

Смотрим на перевод: если бы я послушал мамин совет... Смотрим на конструкцию – had taken (Past Perfect). Если в придаточной части (условии) употребляется Past Perfect, это указывает на третий тип условных предложений. В третьем типе в главном предложении употребляется конструкция would have (done) . Ищем среди ответов подходящий вариант по конструкции и по смыслу. Выбираем I wouldn’t have left the university.

E

Смотрим на перевод: если ты мне поможешь... Смотрим на конструкцию – If you help me (Present Simple) . Если в придаточной части (условии) употребляется Present Simple, это указывает на первый тип условных предложений. В первом типе в главном предложении употребляется время Future Simple. Ищем среди ответов подходящий вариант по конструкции и по смыслу. Выбираем I won’t be late for work.

A

Смотрим на перевод: мы пойдем кататься на лыжах... Смотрим на конструкцию – We will go skiing (Future Simple) . Если в главной части (следствии) употребляется Future Simple, это указывает на первый тип условных предложений. В первом типе в придаточной части употребляется Present Simple. Ищем среди ответов подходящий вариант по конструкции и по смыслу. Выбираем if it snows.

B

Смотрим на перевод: если бы у меня было много свободного времени... Это воображаемая ситуация, значит, необходимо употребить второй тип условных предложений – Past Simple в придаточной части (условии), would – в главном предложении (следствии). Смотрим на конструкцию – If I had a lot of free time (Past Simple) . Из ответов выбираем подходящий по смыслу и конструкции вариант. Выбираем I would study French.

Задание 3.

1. will crash

   Переводим предложение: Если ты будешь вести так быстро, ты разобьешься. Это вполне реальное, осуществимое предположение, значит, это первый тип условных предложений. Далее смотрим на конструкцию – If you drive so fast (Present Simple). Если в придаточной части (условии) употребляется Present Simple, это опять-таки указывает на первый тип условных предложений. В первом типе в главном предложении употребляется время Future Simple – will crash .

2. would have helped

   Переводим предложение: Если бы у меня было больше времени... Смотрим на конструкцию – had had more time (Past Perfect). Если в придаточной части (условии) употребляется Past Perfect, это указывает на третий тип условных предложений. В третьем типе в главном предложении употребляется конструкция would have (done) . Следовательно, правильная форма – would have helped.

3. would often go

   Переводим предложение: Если бы у меня была яхта... Это воображаемая ситуация, значит, необходимо употребить второй тип условных предложений – Past Simple в придаточной части (условии), would – в главном предложении (следствии). В придаточной части употреблено Past Simple – if I had a yacht , что опять-таки подтверждает, что это второй тип условных предложений. Следовательно, правильная форма – would often go.

had

Переводим предложение: Я бы много путешествовал, если... Это воображаемая ситуация, значит, необходимо употребить второй тип условных предложений – Past Simple в придаточной части (условии), would – в главном предложении (следствии). Следовательно, правильная форма – had .

Задание 4.

1. rains

   Смотрим на конструкцию в главном предложении – will stay (Future Simple) . Значит, в придаточном предложении выбираем Present Simple, так как это первый тип условных предложений (вполне реальное, осуществимое предположение).

2. would

   Смотрим на конструкцию в придаточном пердложении – had a lot of money (Past Simple). Значит, в главном предложении выбираем would buy, так как это второй тип условных предложений (воображаемая ситуация).

3. had passed

   Смотрим на конструкцию в главном предложении – would have entered. Она соответствует третьему типу условных предложений (предположение, относящиеся к прошедшему). В третьем типе в придаточной части употребляется Past Perfect – had passed.

were

Смотрим на конструкцию в главном предложении – would tell. Данная конструкция соответствует второму типу условных предложений, где в придаточной части употребляется Past Simple. Более того, в условной части видно сочетание – If I were you (если бы я был на вашем месте) .

Задание 5.

1. If I were you, I wouldn’t buy this dress.

   Это воображаемая ситуация, поэтому используется второй тип условных предложений (Past Simple употребляется в условии, would – в следствии. Также необходимо обратить внимание на выражение If I were you (если бы я был на вашем месте).

2. I would give you a lift if I had a car.

   Это воображаемая ситуация, поэтому используется второй тип условных предложений (Past Simple употребляется в условии, would – в следствии).

3. If you hadn’t forgotten the umbrella, you wouldn’t have caught a cold.

   Это условное предложение третьего типа, в котором выражается предположение, относящееся к прошедшему и являющееся невыполнимым. В придаточном предложении (условии) употребляется Past Perfect, а в следствии – would have (done).

4. If you had worked harder last year, you would know English well now.

   Это условное предложение, образованное из элементов второго и третьего типов. Иногда условие может относиться к прошедшему, а следствие к настоящему/будущему или наоборот. В данном предложении условие относится к прошедшему, поэтому мы употребляем Past Perfect (had worked) . В то же время главное предложение относится к настоящему, поэтому мы употребляем would know.

Например. If you (to be) free, I (to come) to see you.

If you are free, I shall come to see you.

If you were free, I should come to see you.

If you had been free, I should have come to see you.

If I (to see) her, I (to be) glad.

If I see her, I shall be glad.

If I saw her, I should be glad.

If I had seen her, I should have been glad.

1. If you (to be) busy, I (to leave) you alone. 2. If my friend (to come) to see me, I (to be) very glad. 3. If mother (to buy) a cake, we (to have) a very nice tea party. 4. If we (to receive) a telegram from him, we (not to worry). 5. If you (not to work) systemat­ically, you (to fail) the exam. 6. If I (to live) in Mos­cow, I (to visit) the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 7. If I (to get) a ticket, I (to go) to the Philharmon­ic. 8. If I (to live) near a wood, I (to gather) a lot of mushrooms. 9. If my father (to return) early, we (to watch) TV together. 10. If she (to know) English, she (to try) to enter the university.

Answers: 1.1)If you are busy, I shall leave you alone. 2) If you were busy, I should leave you alone. 3)If you had been busy, I should have left you alone. 2. 1) If my friend comes to see me, I shall be very glad. — Если друг придет, я буду рад. 2) If my friend came to see me, I should be very glad. — Если бы друг пришёл, я был бы рад. (мечта) 3) If my friend had come to see me, I should have been very glad. — Если бы друг пришёл (но он не пришел), я был бы рад. (сожаление) 3. 1) If mother buys a cake, we shall have a very nice tea party. 2) If mother bought a cake, we should have a very nice tea party. 3) If mother had bought a cake, we should have had a very nice tea party. 4. 1) If we receive a telegram from him, we shall not worry. 2) If we received a telegram from him, we should not worry. 3)If we had received a telegram from him, we should not have worried. 5. 1)If you don’t work systematically, you will fail the exam. 2) If you did not work systematically, you would fail the exam. 3)If you had not worked systematically, you would have failed the exam. 6. 1)If I live in Moscow, I shall visit the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 2) If I lived in Moscow, I should visit the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 3) If I had lived in Moscow, I should have visited the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 7. 1) If I get a ticket, I shall go to the Philharmonic. 2) If I got a ticket, I should go to the Philharmonic. 3) If I had got a ticket, I should have gone to the Philharmonic. 8. 1) If I live near a wood, I shall gather a lot of mushrooms. 2) If I lived near a wood, I should gather a lot of mushrooms. 3) If I had lived near a wood, I should have gathered a lot of mushrooms. 9. 1) If my father returns early, we shall watch TV together. 2) If my father returned early, we should watch TV together. 3) If my father had returned early, we should have watched TV together. 10. 1) If she knows English, she will try to enter the university. 2) If she knew English, she would try to enter the university. 3) If she had known English, she would have tried to enter the university.

Exercise 2. Перепишите каждое из следующих предложений дважды, образуя предложения нереального условия: a) относящиеся к настоящему или будущему (II тип); b) относящиеся к прошедшему (III тип).

1. If I am not too busy, I shall go to the concert. 2. They will all be surprised if I make such a mis­take. 3. If he doesn’t come in time, shall we have to wait for him? 4. If no one comes to help, we shall be . obliged to do the work ourselves. 5. If you put on your glasses, you will see better. 6. What shall we do if they are late? 7. Will you be very angry if we don’t come? 8. Will he be very displeased if I don’t ring him up?

Answers: 1.1)I were not too busy, I should go to the concert.2) If I had not been too busy, I should have gone to the concert. 2. 1) They would all be surprised if I made such a mistake. 2)They would all have been very surprised if I had made such a mistake. 3. 1)If he didn’t come in time, should we have to wait for him? 2) If he hadn’t come in time, should we have had to wait for him? 4. 1) If no one came to help, we should be obliged to do the work ourselves. 2) If no one had come to help, we should have been obliged to do the work ourselves. 5. 1)If you put on your glasses, you would see better. 2)f you had put on your glasses, you would have seen better. 6. 1)What should we do if they were late? 2) What should we have done if they had been late? 7. 1)Would you be very angry if we didn’t come? 2) Would you have been very angry if we hadn’t come? 8. 1)Would he be very displeased if I didn’t ring him up? 2) Would he have been very displeased if I hadn’t rung him up?

Exercise 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме.

1. If he were not such an outstanding actor, he (not to have) so many admirers. 2. If you (to give) me your address, I shall write you a letter. 3. If she (not to be) so absent-minded, she would be a much better student. 4. If my sister does not go to the south, we (to spend) the summer in St. Petersburg together. 5. If they (not to go) to Moscow last year, they would not have heard that famous musician. 6. If you (not to get) tickets for the Philharmonic, we shall stay at home. 7. If you were not so care­less about your health, you (to consult) the doctor. 8. I should be delighted if I (to have) such a beautiful fur coat. 9. If it (to rain), we shall have to stay at home. 10. If he (to work) hard, he would have achieved great progress. 11. If it is not too cold, I (not to put) on my coat. 12. I (to write) the compo­sition long ago if you had not disturbed me. 13. If he (not to read) so much, he would not be so clever. 14. If my friend (to be) at home, he will tell us what to do.

Answers: 1. He would not have. 2. You give. 3. She were not. 4. We shall spend. 5. They had not gone. 6. You don’t get. 7. You would consult. 8. I had. 9. It rains. 10. He had worked. 11. I shall not put. 12. I should have written. 13. He did not read. 14. My friend is.

Exercise 4. Образуйте условные предложения.

1. Не is busy and does not come to see us. If … 2. The girl did not study well last year and received bad marks. If … 3. He broke his bicycle and so he did not go to the country. If … 4. He speaks En­glish badly: he has no practice. If … 5. I had a bad headache yesterday, that’s why I did not come to see you. If … 6. The ship was sailing near the coast, that’s why it struck a rock. If … 7. He was not in town, therefore he was not present at our meeting. If … 8. The pavement was so slippery that I fell and hurt my leg. If … 9. The sea is rough, and we can­not sail to the island. If … 10. They made a fire, and the frightened wolves ran away. If … 11. It is late, and I have to go home. If … 12. I was expect­ing my friend to come, that’s why I could not go to the cinema with you. If … 13. He always gets top marks in mathematics because it is his favourite subject and he works a lot at it. If … 14. I did not translate the article yesterday because I had no dic­tionary. If … 15. We lost our way because the night was pitch-dark. If … 16. The box was so heavy that I could not carry it. That’s why I took a taxi. If …

Answers: 1. If he were not busy, he would come to see us. 2. If the girl had studied well last year, she would not have received bad marks. 3. If he had not broken his bicycle, he would have gone to the country. 4. If he had (more) practice, he would speak English better. 5. If I had not had a bad headache yesterday, I should have come to see you. 6. If the ship had not sailed near the coast, it would not have struck a rock. 7. If he had been in town, he would have been present at our meeting. 8. If the pavement had not been so slippery, I should not have fallen and hurt my leg. 9. If the sea were not (so) rough, we should (could) sail to the island. 10. If they had not made a fire, the wolves would not have run away. 11. If it were not late, I should not have to go home. 12. If I had not expected my friend to come, I should (could) have gone to the cinema with you. 13. If mathematics were not his favourite subject and he did not work a lot at it, he would not always get top marks. 14. If I had had a dictionary, I should have translated the article yesterday. 15. If the night had not been pitch-dark, we should not have lost our way. 16. If the box had not been so heavy, (I could have carried it and) I should not have taken a taxi.

Exercise 5. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся фор­му сослагательного наклонения после «I wish».

1. I wish I (to have) a season ticket to the Phil­harmonic next winter. 2. I wish I (to consult) the teacher when I first felt that mathematics was too difficult for me. 3. I love sunny weather. I wish it (to be) warm and fine all the year round. 4. I wish I (not to lend) Nick my watch: he has broken it.5. I wish you (to send) word as soon as you arrive. 6. I wish I (not to have) to do my homework every day. 7. I wish you (to go) skiing with me yesterday: I had such a good time! 8. I wish I (to know) Span­ish. 9. I wish I (not to drink) so much coffee in the evening: I could not sleep half the night. 10. I wish you (to read) more in future. 11. I wish I never (to suggest) this idea. 12. I wish I (to be) at yesterday’s party: it must have been very merry. 13. I wish we (to meet) again next summer. 14. Don’t you wish you (to see) that performance before? 15. They wished they (not to see) this horrible scene again. 16. The unfortu­nate pupil wished he (not to forget) to learn the rule.

Answers: 1. I had. 2. I had consulted. 3. It were. 4. I had not lent. 5. You sent. 6. I did not have. 7. You had gone. 8. I knew. 9. I had not drunk. 10. You read. 11. I had never suggested. 12. I had been. 13. We met. 14. You had seen. 15. They did not see. 16. He had not forgotten.

Exercise 6. Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо­требляя «I wish».

E.g. It’s a pity you are ill.

I wish you were not ill.

1. Unfortunately they won’t return before Christ­mas. 2. The student was sorry he had not studied the material better and had shown such poor knowledge at the exam. 3. It’s a pity that you did not send for us last night. 4. It’s a pity you are not with us these days. 5. My friend regrets not having entered the university. 6. He was sorry not to have had enough time to finish his paper. 7. It’s a pity we shan’t be able to reach home before teatime. 8. I am sorry I made you upset by telling you this news. 9. What a pity you don’t know enough physics.

Answers: 1.I wish they returned before Christmas. 2. The student wished he had studied the material better and shown better knowledge at the exam. 3. I wish you had sent for us last night. 4. I wish you were with us these days. 5. My friend wishes he had entered the university. 6. He wished he had had enough time to finish his paper. 7. I wish we were able to reach home before teatime. 8. I wish I had not made you upset by telling you this news. 9. I wish you knew enough physics.

Exercise 7. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя «I wish».

• 1. а) Жаль, что он такой легкомысленный,
• б) Жаль, что он не достаточно серьезен.
• 2. а) Я теперь жалею, что не послушал его совета,
• б) Я теперь жалею, что последовал его совету.
• 3. а) Жаль, что вы пришли так поздно,
• б) Жаль, что вы не пришли пораньше.
• 4. а) Обидно, что мы ушли до его прихода.
• б) Обидно, что мы не дождались его прихода.
• 5. а) К сожалению, они еще ничего не знают,
• б)К сожалению, они уже знают об этом.

Answers: 1.a) I wish he were not so light-minded. б) I wish he were more serious. 2. a) Now I wish I had listened to his advice (had followed his advice). b) Now I wish I had not followed his advice. 3. a) I wish you had not come so late. б) I wish you had come earlier. 4. a) I wish we had not gone before he came. б) I wish we had waited till he came. 5. a) I wish they knew it already. b) I wish they did not know about it.

Exercise 8. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя «I wish».

1. Ах, если бы вы сказали ей об этом в прошлое воскресенье! 2. Хорошо бы у нас сейчас были ка­никулы. 3. Если бы он пришел сегодня вечером! 4. Мы пожалели, что не попросили его совета. 5. Жаль, что вы отказались принять участие в пик­нике. 6. Жаль, что вас не интересует этот предмет. 7. Мы бы хотели, чтобы вы упомянули эти факты. 8. Жаль, что мы опоздали на поезд. 9. Жаль, что вы включили телевизор так поздно. 10. Если бы я был свободен сейчас! 11. Жаль, что и вчера у меня было мало времени. 12. Хорошо бы вы на­писали ей об этом сами. 13. Жаль, что вы не об­ратили внимания на его предупреждение. 14. Он пожалел, что бросил университет. 15. Жаль, что уже поздно идти туда. 16. Ах, если бы я пришел на вокзал вовремя! 17. Жаль, что вы не читали такую прекрасную книгу. 18. Жаль, что она де­лает так много ошибок в речи. 19. Жаль, что вы не побывали на выставке. 20. Жаль, что я узнал об этом так поздно. 21. Как жаль, что мы не зас­тали Колю дома. 22. Она сожалела, что не рас­сказала нам эту историю раньше.

Answers: 1. Oh, how I wish you had told her about it last Sunday! 2. I wish we had holidays now. 3. Oh, I wish he came tonight! 4. We wished we had asked his advice. 5. I wish you had not refused to take part in the picnic. 6. I wish you were interested in this subject. 7. We wish you mentioned these facts. 8. I wish we had not missed the train. 9. I wish you had turned on the TV earlier. 10. I wish I were free now! 11. I wish I had had more time yesterday. 12. I wish you wrote her about it yourself. 13. I wish you had paid attention to his warning. 14. He wished he had not left the university. 15. I wish it were not too late to go there. 16. Oh, how I wish I had come to the railway station on time! 17. I wish you had read this wonderful book. 18. I wish she did not make so many mistakes in her speech. 19. I wish you had visited the exhibition. 20. I wish I had learned about it earlier. 21. I wish we had found Nick at home. 22. She wished she had told us this story before.

Обратите внимание на смешанные случаи употребления времен в условных предложениях II и III типа:

If I were acquainted with this famous professor, I should have rung him up yesterday.

Условие относится к настоящему времени (II тип), а следствие - к прошедшему (III тип).

If I had written the composition yesterday, I should be free now.

Условие относится к прошедшему времени (III тип), а следствие - к настоящему (II тип).

Exercise 9. Образуйте условные предложения. Не забудьте о смешанных случаях.

1. I shall go to the dentist because I have a tooth­ache. If … 2. He is groaning with pain now because he did not go to the dentist to have his tooth filled. If … 3. She does not go to the polyclinic because she does not need any treatment. If … 4. He will not go to see the play as he was present at the dress re­hearsal. If … 5. He went to Moscow specially to hear this famous singer because he is fond of him. If … 6. We did not go to the cafeteria to have a glass of lemonade because we were not thirsty. If … 7. She could not mend her dress herself because she had no needle. If … 8. He is not a first-class sportsman now because he did not train enough last year. If … 9. The pupils were active because they wanted to un­derstand this difficult material. If … 10. The pupils did not understand the homework because they were inattentive. If … 11. The pupils worked hard and did well in their exams. If … 12. She won’t try to enter the foreign languages department because she is not good at foreign languages. If …

Answers: 1. If I did not have a toothache, I should not go to the dentist. 2. If he had gone to the dentist to have his tooth filled, he would not be groaning with pain now. 3. If she needed some treatment, she would go to the polyclinic. 4. If he had not been present at the dress rehearsal, he would go to see the play. 5. If he were not fond of this famous singer, he would not have gone to Moscow specially to hear him. 6. If we had been thirsty, we should have gone to the cafeteria to have a glass of lemonade. 7. If she had had a needle, she would (could) have mended her dress herself. 8. If he had trained enough last year, he would be a first-class sportsman now. 9. If the pupils had not wanted to understand this difficult material, they would not have been so active. 10. If the pupils had been more attentive, they would have understood the homework. 11. If the pupils had not worked hard, they would not have done well in their exams. 12. If she were good at foreign languages, she would try to enter the foreign languages department.

Exercise 10. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Он так изменился! Если бы вы его встрети­ли, вы бы его не узнали. 2. Если бы я был на ва­шем месте, я бы посоветовался с родителями. 3. Если бы сейчас подошел трамвай, мы бы не опоздали. 4. Если бы он знал, что это вас расстро­ит, он был бы осторожнее. 5. Если бы вы мне по­могли решить эту задачу, я был бы вам очень бла­годарен. 6. Жаль, что нам раньше не пришло в го­лову поискать книгу в библиотеке. Мы бы сдела­ли работу вовремя и сейчас были бы уже свобод­ны. 7. Жаль, что у нас было так мало уроков. Если бы мы больше поработали, мы бы лучше знали язык. 8. Если бы он регулярно не посещал спор­тивные тренировки, он не добился бы такого успе­ха на состязаниях. 9. Если бы ты предупредил меня заранее, я бы уже был в Москве. 10. Жаль, что она уже ушла. Если бы ты позвонил раньше, она была бы сейчас здесь. 11. Если бы он был ум­нее, он бы не пошел вчера в лес. 12. Если бы она не прислала вчера это письмо, мой брат был бы сейчас дома. 13. Что бы мы сейчас делали, если бы мама не испекла вчера пирог? 14. Жаль, что вы не слышали музыку Рахманинова. Если бы вы ее слышали, вы бы знали, какой это замечатель­ный композитор. 15. Я уверен, что все были бы рады, если бы вечер состоялся.

Answers: 1. He has changed so much! If you met him, you would not recognize him. 2. If I were you, I should consult my parents. 3. If a tram came now, we should not be late. 4. If he had known that this would upset you, he would have been more careful. 5. If you helped me to solve this problem, I should be very grateful to you. 6. I wish it had occurred to us before to look for the book in the library. We should have done the work in time and now we should be free, 7. I wish we had had more lessons. If we had worked more, we should know the language better. 8. If he had not attended sports trainings regularly, he would not have achieved such success in the competitions. 9. If you had warned me before, I should already be in Moscow. 10. I wish she had not gone. If you had called before, she would be here now. 11. If he were cleverer, he would not have gone to the wood yesterday. 12. If she had not sent this letter yesterday, my brother would be at home now. 13. What should we be doing now if mother had not baked a pie yesterday? 14. I wish you had heard Rakhmaninov’s music. If you had heard it, you would know what a wonderful composer he was. 15. I am sure that everybody would be glad if the party took place.

Упражнение 1

Раскрывая скобки, напишите каждое предложение три раза, образуя условные предложения 1, 2 и 3 типов.

· E.g. If you (to be) free, I (to come) to see you.:

If you are free, I will come to see you.

If you were free, I would come to see you.

If you had been free, I would have come to see you.

If I (to see) her, I (to be) glad.

If I see her, I will be glad.

If I saw her, I would be glad.

If I had seen her, I would have been glad.

1. If my friend (to come) to see me, I (to be) very glad. 2. If mother (to buy) a cake, we (to have) a very nice tea party. 3. If we (to receive) a telegram from him, we (not to worry) . 4. If you (not to work) systematically, you (to fail) the examinations. 5. If you (to be) busy, I (to leave) you alone. 6. If I (to live) in Moscow, I (to visit) the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 7. If I (to get) a ticket, I (to go) to the Philharmonic. 8. If I (to live) near a wood, I (to gather) a lot of mushrooms. 9. If my father (to return) early, we (to watch) TV together. 10. If she (to know) English, she (to try) to enter the university.

Упражнение 2

П ерепишите каждое из следующих предложений дважды, образуя предложения нереального условия:

а) относящиеся к настоящему или будущему,

b ) относящиеся к прошедшему.

1. If I am not too busy, I shall go to the concert. 2. They will all be surprised if I make such a mistake. 3. If he doesn"t come in time, shall we have to wait for him? 4. If no one comes to help, we shall be obliged to do the work ourselves. 5. If you put on your glasses, you will see better. 6. What shall we do if they are late? 7. Will you be very angry if we don"t come? 8. Will he be very displeased if I don"t ring him up?

Упражнение 3

Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, так, чтобы предложения выражалт рельное условие.

1. If I (to see) John, I (to tell) him your news. 2. He (to be) very pleased if it (to be) really true. 3. If you (to go) to town on Monday, you (to meet) my brother Tom. 4. If you (to need) help, my father (to help) you. 5. We (to have) a picnic lunch if the day (to be) fine. 6. If you (to ask) a policeman, he (to tell) you the way. 7. I (to finish) the job tomorrow if I (to can). 8. I (not / to require) an umbrella if it(not / to rain). 9. If she (to think) it over carefully, she (to form) a clear opinion. 10. If they (to catch) the bus now, they (to arrive) at half past nine. 11. He (to find) the answers if he (to look) at the back of the book. 12. If you (to want) me to, I (to come) for a walk with you. 13. If he (to write) to her, she (to answer) at once. 14. If you (to wait) a few moments, the waiter (to bring) your coffee. 15. He (to lose) weight if he (to stop) eating too much. 16. If she (to be) patient, I (to try) to explain. 17. I (to wear) a purle tie only if I (to must). 18. If we (to leave) at once, we (to catch) the early train. 19. If he (to do) that again, his father (to punish) him. 20. If she (drink) this medicine, she (to feel) much better.

Упражнение 4

Раскройте скобки таким образом, чтобы предложения выражали: а) реальное условие, b) нереальное условие настоящего времени.

1. If I (to know), I (to tell) you. 2. If she (to want) to talk she (to ring up). 3. Her health (to improve) if she (to sleep) longer. 4. If he (to have) enough money, he (to buy) a large house. 5. She (to feel) lonely if Peter (to go) out every evening. 6. We (to be) pleased to see you if you (to arrive). 7. If we (to can) come on Sunday, we (to come). 8. I (to understand) Mr. Smith if he (to speak) slowly. 9. We (not / to go) by ship unless there (to be) no other way. 10 If you (not / to give) him good meals, he (not / to be able) to work hard.

Упражнение 5

Замените предложения нереального условия в настоящем времени на предложения нереального условия в прошедшем времени.

1. If she tired, she could be better. 2. He would do more work if he were able. 3. I should live better if I earned more money. 4. If I knew the answer, I should tell you. 5. He wouldn"t come unless you invited him. 6. We shouldn"t remember it if it weren"t so strange. 7. If I had time, I would help you. 8. Peter would come if you wanted him to. 10. If you wrote more often, you would receive more letters. 11. They would prefer to keep it if they could. 12. I would buy it by myself if I had money. 13. If they offered it to me for nothing, I wouldn"t take it. 14. I should break a promise if I answered your question. 15. If you swore to keep a secret, I would tell you.

Упражнение 6

Составьте предложения, найдя соответствия между левой и правой колонками.

1. If I go on a diet	a. we"ll make a snowman
2. If it"s sunny tomorrow	b. I"ll buy you some chocolate
3. If John doesn"t hurry	c. she"ll have to take a taxi
	d. I"ll lose weight
5. If there sre no buses	e. he"ll be late
6. If you are a good girl	f. we"ll go for a picnic

Упражнение 7

Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в нужное время.

John Smith is in prison. How did it happen? If John (not / to oversleep), he (not / to be) late for work. If he (not / to be) late for work, his boss (not / to fire) him. If John (not / to lose) his job, he (not / to need) money and he (not / to rob) the bank. If he (not / to rob) the bank, the police (not / to arrest) him.

Упражнение 8

Составьте условные предложения, используя материал левой и правой колонокб которые отражали бы Ваше отношение к ситуации.

e.g. Daniel had fallen ill. put on coat / catch cold

Daniel wouldn"t have caught cold if he had put on coat.

1. Nick has broken his leg.	climb ladder / break his leg
2. Mr. Davidson had got a smashed car.	drive carefully / avoid accident
3. John Smithson was the second in the competition.	run faster / win the race
4. Chris has cut his finger.	play with knife / cut finger
5. Mary has got a terrible headache.	have headache / take aspirin
6. Mrs. Claydon has nothing left for supper.	leave fish on the tablet / cat eat it

Упражнение 18

1. He is busy and does not come to see us. If ... . 2. The girl didn"t study well last year and received bad marks. If ... . 3. He broke his bicycle and so he didn"t go to the country. If ... . 4. He speaks English badly: he has no practice. If ... . 5. I had a bad headache yesterday, that"s why I didn"t come to see you. If ... . 6. The ship was sailing near the coast, that"s why it struck a rock. If ... . 7. He was not in town, therefore he was not present at our meeting. If ... . 8. The pavement was so slippery that I fell and hurt my leg. If ... . 9. The sea is rough, and we cannot sail to the island. If ... . 10. They made a fire, and the frightened wolves ran away. If ... . 11. It is late, and I have to go home. If ... . 12. I was expecting my friend to come, that"s why I couldn"t go to the cinema with you. If ... . 13. He always gets top marks in mathematics because it is his favourite subject and he works a lot at it. If ... . 14. I didn"t translate the article yesterday because I had no dictionary. If ... . 15. We lost our way because the night was pitch-dark. If ... . 16. The box was so heavy that I couldn"t carry it. That"s why I took a taxi. If ... .

Упражнение 19

Образуйте условные предложения.

1. The travellers had no camera with them, so they could not take photos of the beautiful scenery. If ... . 2. There was no sugar left, so we had to go to the shop late in the evening. If ... . 3. This house is very nice and comfortable, but it is not very good for living because it is situated close to a chemical plant and the air around is very bad. If ... . 4. He is an excellent specialist, but I can"t ask his advice because I"m not acquainted with him. If ... . 5. You cannot enjoy this merry evening party because you have a toothache. If ... 6. You know the material well enough, but you are very absent-minded, and that"s why you always make many mistakes. If ... . 7. You did not ring me up, so I did not know you were in trouble. If .. . 8. You left the child alone in the room, so he hurt himself. If ... . 9. They spent a year in the tropics, so they got very sun-tanned. If ... . 10. It rained heavily, so we got drenched to the skin. If ... . 11. Why didn"t you watch the cat? It ate all the fish. If ... . 12. A huge black cloud appeared from behind the forest, so we had to turn back and hurry home. If ... . 13. We shall not go to see them because it is very late. If ... . 14. Naturally she was angry, because you were in her way. If ... .

Придаточные условия Придаточные условия. Тесты Тест 1, "m.c." Тест 2, "m.c." Тест 3, "m.c." Тест 4, "m.c." Тест 5, "m.c." Тест 6, "m.c." Тест 1, "gaps" Тест 2, "gaps" Тест 3, "gaps" Тест 4, "gaps" Тест 5, "gaps" Наклонение. Сослагательное наклонение Сослагательное наклонение в придаточных