Theory of everything. Theory of everything Article 12.5 of the code

New edition Art. 12.5 Administrative Code of the Russian Federation

1. Management vehicle in the presence of malfunctions or conditions under which, in accordance with the Basic Provisions for the Admission of Vehicles to Operation and Obligations officials security traffic operation of the vehicle is prohibited, with the exception of malfunctions and conditions specified in parts 2 - 7 of this article, -

entails a warning or imposition administrative fine in the amount of five hundred rubles.

2. Driving a vehicle with a knowingly faulty braking system (except for the parking brake), steering or coupling device (as part of a train) -

entails deprivation of the right to drive transport vehicles for a period of six months to one year with confiscation of the said instruments and devices.

3.1. Driving a vehicle on which glass is installed (including those covered with transparent colored films), the light transmission of which does not meet the requirements of the technical regulation on the safety of wheeled vehicles -

shall entail the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of five hundred roubles.

4. Driving a transport vehicle on which devices for giving special light or sound signals (except for burglar alarms) are installed without an appropriate permit, -

entails deprivation of the right to drive vehicles for a period of one to one and a half years with confiscation of the said devices.

4.1. Driving a vehicle on which an identification lamp of a passenger taxi or an identification sign "Disabled Person" is illegally installed -

shall entail the imposition of an administrative fine on the driver in the amount of five thousand rubles with confiscation of the subject of the administrative offence.

5. Use of devices for giving special light or sound signals (with the exception of burglar alarms) installed without an appropriate permit while a vehicle is in motion, -

entails deprivation of the right to drive vehicles for a period of one and a half to two years with confiscation of the said devices.

6. Driving a vehicle, on the outer surfaces of which special color schemes of vehicles of operational services are illegally applied, -

entails deprivation of the right to drive vehicles for a period of one to one and a half years.

7. Driving a vehicle on which the color scheme of a passenger taxi is illegally applied, -

shall entail the imposition of an administrative fine on the driver in the amount of five thousand roubles.

Commentary on Article 12.5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation

1. The object of an administrative offense under this article is road safety, protection of life, health and property of citizens. The obligation to maintain vehicles in a technically sound condition rests with the owners of the vehicles.

2. When qualifying an offense under Part 1 of Art. 12.5 it is necessary to establish which rules of the Basic Regulation on the admission of vehicles to operation have been violated by the driver. Part 2 of this article talks about the rules related to the operation of the vehicle. Parts 3 - 6 of this article, entailing the deprivation of the right to drive a vehicle, have been introduced federal law dated July 22, 2005 N 120-FZ.

It is forbidden to operate the vehicle in cases of leakage of the hydraulic brake drive; violations of the tightness of pneumatic and pneumohydraulic brake drives; leakage of compressed air from wheel brake chambers; the presence of a faulty pressure gauge of pneumatic or pneumohydraulic brake drives; lack of parking brake system of a stationary state; the presence of an inoperative device for fixing the position of the steering column; the presence of a faulty power steering or steering damper (for motorcycles) provided for by the design, or their absence.

3. The subject of the offense is the driver of the vehicle. The person at whose disposal the vehicle was allocated without imposing responsibility for its technical condition is not the subject of this offense. attraction to administrative responsibility persons for the release of a technically faulty vehicle onto the line is qualified according to.

Another commentary on Art. 12.5 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses

1. The object of the administrative offense provided for by this article is the safety of traffic, the protection of life, health and property of citizens.

According to Article 16 of the Federal Law of December 10, 1995 "On Road Safety", the technical condition and equipment of vehicles involved in road traffic must ensure road safety. The obligation to maintain vehicles participating in road traffic in a technically sound condition rests with the owners of vehicles or persons operating vehicles.

The main provisions on the admission of vehicles to operation and the obligations of persons to ensure road safety include a list of malfunctions and conditions under which the operation of vehicles is prohibited. Methods for checking the above parameters are regulated by GOST 25478-91 "Motor vehicles. Requirements for the technical condition for traffic safety conditions. Test methods".

2. From the objective side, this offense is manifested in the commission of specific actions expressed in driving a vehicle in the presence of malfunctions or conditions under which the operation of vehicles is prohibited.

Part 1 of this article is of a blanket nature. She in general view refers to the Basic Regulations on the admission of vehicles to operation and the duties of officials to ensure road safety.

Specific manifestations of the considered illegal action can be very diverse, in this regard, it is impossible to give an exhaustive list of them.

When qualifying an offense under Part 1 of Article 12.5, it is imperative to establish which rules of the Basic Regulations on the admission of vehicles to operation have been violated by the guilty driver and what these violations were expressed in.

Part 2 of this article (unlike part 1) speaks of a narrower range of rules related to the operation of vehicles. On the objective side, the offense is expressed in the commission of driving a vehicle with: a knowingly faulty brake system (with the exception of the parking brake); obviously faulty steering; obviously faulty coupling device (as part of a train).

The offense has a formal composition.

3. The subjective side of the offense is characterized by guilt in the form of intent or negligence. The offense can be committed both through frivolity and negligence.

The sign "faithfulness" delimits the unlawful act considered in part 2 from careless actions (delusion, etc.), which are qualified under part 1 of this article.

Knowing means: the driver knows and realizes that he is driving a vehicle with existing malfunctions that create a real threat to traffic safety or operation. (For example, there are movements of parts and assemblies not provided for by the design in the steering; threaded connections are not tightened or not fixed in the established way.)

The motives for driving a vehicle in the presence of malfunctions or conditions under which the operation of vehicles is prohibited do not affect the qualification, but are taken into account when imposing an administrative penalty.

4. The subject of the offense is the driver of an individual vehicle. The actions of the owners or drivers of individual vehicles who allowed another person to operate a technically faulty vehicle also form the composition of the administrative offense in question.

The person at whose disposal the vehicle was allocated without imposing on him responsibility for its technical condition and operation is not the subject of the offense in question.

Bringing a person to administrative responsibility for releasing a technically faulty vehicle onto the line is qualified under Article 12.31 of the Code of Administrative Offenses (see comment).

Full text of Art. 12.5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation with comments. New current edition with additions for 2020. Legal advice on Article 12.5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

(Name as amended, entered into force on June 19, 2015 by Federal Law No. 143-FZ of June 8, 2015.

1. Driving a vehicle in the presence of malfunctions or conditions under which, in accordance with the Basic Provisions for the admission of vehicles to operation and the duties of officials to ensure road safety, the operation of the vehicle is prohibited, with the exception of malfunctions and conditions specified in parts 2-7 of this article,
(Paragraph as amended by Federal Law No. 120-FZ of July 22, 2005; as amended by Federal Law No. 116-FZ of July 10, 2012.

shall entail a warning or the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of five hundred roubles.

2. Driving a vehicle with a knowingly faulty braking system (except for the parking brake), steering or coupling device (as part of a train) -

(Paragraph as amended by Federal Law No. 116-FZ of June 22, 2007; as amended by Federal Law No. 196-FZ of July 23, 2013.

3. Driving a vehicle, on the front of which there are light devices with red lights or red retroreflective devices, as well as light devices, the color of the lights and the mode of operation of which do not meet the requirements of the Basic Provisions for the Admission of Vehicles for Operation and the duties of officials for ensuring road safety (paragraph as amended by Federal Law No. 210-FZ of July 24, 2007, put into effect on August 11, 2007 -
entails deprivation of the right to drive transport vehicles for a period of six months to one year with confiscation of the said instruments and devices.

(The part is additionally included from September 23, 2010 by the Federal Law of July 23, 2010 N 175-FZ)
4. Driving a transport vehicle on which devices for giving special light or sound signals (except for burglar alarms) are installed without an appropriate permit, -
entails deprivation of the right to drive vehicles for a period of one to one and a half years with confiscation of the said devices.

(The part is additionally included from August 8, 2005 by the Federal Law of July 22, 2005 N 120-FZ)
4.1. Driving a vehicle on which an identification lamp of a passenger taxi or an identification sign "Disabled Person" is illegally installed -
(Paragraph as amended, entered into force on June 19, 2015 by the Federal Law of June 8, 2015 N 143-FZ.

shall entail the imposition of an administrative fine on the driver in the amount of five thousand rubles with confiscation of the subject of the administrative offence.

5. Use of devices for giving special light or sound signals (with the exception of burglar alarms) installed without an appropriate permit while a vehicle is in motion, -
entails deprivation of the right to drive vehicles for a period of one and a half to two years with confiscation of the said devices.

(The part is additionally included from August 8, 2005 by the Federal Law of July 22, 2005 N 120-FZ)
6. Driving a vehicle, on the outer surfaces of which special color schemes of vehicles of operational services are illegally applied, -
entails deprivation of the right to drive vehicles for a period of one to one and a half years.

(The part is additionally included from August 8, 2005 by the Federal Law of July 22, 2005 N 120-FZ)
7. Driving a vehicle on which the color scheme of a passenger taxi is illegally applied, -
shall entail the imposition of an administrative fine on the driver in the amount of five thousand roubles.

(The part is additionally included from January 1, 2012 by the Federal Law of April 21, 2011 N 69-FZ)

Commentary on Article 12.5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation

1. The objects of administrative offenses provided for in the commented article are public relations in the field of road safety.

2. objective side the offense provided for in Part 1 of this article is expressed in driving a vehicle in the presence of malfunctions and conditions under which, in accordance with the Basic Provisions for the admission of vehicles to operation and the duties of officials to ensure road safety, approved by the Decree of the Council of Ministers - the Government of the Russian Federation dated October 23, 1993 N 1090 (as amended and supplemented), the operation of the vehicle is prohibited, with the exception of malfunctions and conditions specified in parts 2-6 of this article. In accordance with the Federal Law "On Road Safety" (as amended and supplemented), the technical condition and equipment of vehicles participating in road traffic must ensure road safety (Article 16). The requirements for the technical condition of vehicles are set out in the appendix to the above Basic Provisions for the admission of vehicles to operation. The Appendix defines the List, which establishes the malfunctions of cars, buses, road trains, trailers, motorcycles, mopeds, tractors, other self-propelled machines and the conditions under which their operation is prohibited.

3. The objective side of the offense specified in part 2 of the commented article is driving a vehicle with a knowingly faulty brake system (with the exception of the parking brake), steering or coupling device (as part of a train) and thereby in violation of the prohibitions established by paragraph 2.3.1 Rules of the road Russian Federation, approved by the Decree of the Council of Ministers - the Government of the Russian Federation of October 23, 1993 N 1090 "On the Rules of the Road" (as amended and supplemented).

4. The objective side of the offense under part 3 of the commented article is a violation of the requirements of paragraphs 3.1 and 3.6 of the List of malfunctions that prohibit the operation of a vehicle on the front of which red light devices or red retroreflective devices are installed, as well as light devices, the color and mode of which do not correspond to the design of the vehicle.

5. The objective side of the offense specified in part 3.1 of this article is expressed in driving a vehicle on which glass is installed, the light transmission of which does not meet the requirements of the technical regulation on the safety of wheeled vehicles. In accordance with paragraph 7.3 of the Technical Regulations on the Safety of Wheeled Vehicles, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 10, 2009 N 720 "On Approval of the Technical Regulations on the Safety of Wheeled Vehicles", in relation to the light transmission of glasses, including those covered with transparent color films , the requirements of paragraph 3.5.2 of Appendix No. 5 to the Technical Regulations are applied, according to which the light transmission of the windshield must be at least 75 percent, the front side windows and front door windows (if any) - at least 70 percent.

6. The objective side of the offense under part 4 of this article is expressed in violation of the requirements of paragraph 11 of the Basic Provisions prohibiting the operation of vehicles equipped without a corresponding permit with flashing beacons and (or) special sound signals.

7. The objective side of the offense under part 5 of this article is a violation of the provisions of section 3 "Use of special signals" of the Rules of the Road of the Russian Federation, which provide the right to use special light or sound signals while driving only by drivers of vehicles equipped with special signals . Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 22, 2006 N 1042 "On priority measures to ensure road safety" defines the List of services whose vehicles, in the presence of special color schemes on the outer surfaces, are equipped with devices for supplying special light and sound signals, and the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 1, 2006 N 737 "On special light and sound signals" (as amended and added) - List government agencies whose vehicles are equipped with devices for supplying special light and sound signals in the absence of special color schemes on the outer surface of these vehicles. The procedure for issuing permits for the installation on vehicles of devices for supplying special light and sound signals is determined by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated February 19, 2007 N 167 "On the procedure for issuing permits for the installation on vehicles of devices for supplying special light and sound signals" (as amended . and additional) (BNA FOIV. 2007. N 13).

8. The objective side of the offense under part 6 of the article under consideration is the violation of the requirements of paragraph 11 of the Basic Provisions prohibiting the operation of a vehicle with special color schemes of operational services illegally applied to their outer surfaces. Requirements for color schemes of the respective vehicles are defined by GOST R 50574-2002 "Automobiles, buses and motorcycles of operational services. Color schemes, identification marks, inscriptions, special light and sound signals. General requirements".

9. The subjects of the administrative offenses under consideration are the drivers of vehicles.

10. From the subjective side, the offense under Part 1 of this article is characterized by both intent and negligence, and the offenses under Parts 2-6 can only be committed intentionally.

11. Cases of administrative offenses, provided for by parts 1, 2 and 3.1 of this article, are considered by the head of the State Road Safety Inspectorate, his deputy, the commander of the regiment (battalion, company) of the road patrol service, his deputy. The elements of administrative offenses contained in parts 1 and 3.1 of this article can also be considered by traffic police officers with a special rank (Article 23.3). The elements of administrative offenses provided for in parts 3, 4 - 6 are considered by judges (part 1, article 23.1).

Protocols on administrative offenses are drawn up by officials of the internal affairs bodies (police) (part 1, paragraph 1, part 2, article 28.3).

Consultations and comments of lawyers on Article 12.5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation

If you still have questions about Article 12.5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation and you want to be sure that the information provided is up to date, you can consult the lawyers of our website.

You can ask a question by phone or on the website. Initial consultations are free of charge from 9:00 to 21:00 Moscow time daily. Questions received between 21:00 and 09:00 will be processed the next day.

Do you think you are Russian? Born in the USSR and think that you are Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian? No. This is not true.

You are actually Russian, Ukrainian or Belarusian. But you think you are a Jew.

Game? Wrong word. The correct word is "imprinting".

A newborn associates himself with those facial features that he observes immediately after birth. This natural mechanism is characteristic of most living beings with vision.

Newborns in the USSR for the first few days saw their mother for a minimum of feeding time, and most of the time they saw the faces of the maternity hospital staff. By a strange coincidence, they were (and still are) mostly Jewish. Reception is wild in its essence and effectiveness.

All your childhood you wondered why you live surrounded by non-native people. Rare Jews on your path could do anything with you, because you were drawn to them, while others were repelled. Yes, even now they can.

You cannot fix this - imprinting is one-time and for life. It is difficult to understand, the instinct took shape when you were still very far from being able to formulate. From that moment, no words or details have been preserved. Only facial features remained in the depths of memory. Those traits that you consider your family.

3 comments

System and Observer

Let us define a system as an object whose existence is beyond doubt.

An observer of a system is an object that is not a part of the system it observes, that is, it determines its existence, including through factors independent of the system.

From the point of view of the system, the observer is a source of chaos - both control actions and the consequences of observational measurements that do not have a causal relationship with the system.

An internal observer is an object potentially achievable for the system in relation to which the inversion of the observation and control channels is possible.

An external observer is even an object potentially unattainable for the system, located beyond the event horizon of the system (spatial and temporal).

Hypothesis #1. All-seeing eye

Let's assume that our universe is a system and it has an external observer. Then observational measurements can take place, for example, with the help of "gravitational radiation" penetrating the universe from all sides from the outside. The capture cross section of "gravitational radiation" is proportional to the mass of the object, and the projection of the "shadow" from this capture onto another object is perceived as an attractive force. It will be proportional to the product of the masses of objects and inversely proportional to the distance between them, which determines the density of the "shadow".

The capture of "gravitational radiation" by an object increases its randomness and is perceived by us as a passage of time. An object that is opaque to "gravitational radiation", the capture cross section of which is larger than the geometric size, looks like a black hole inside the universe.

Hypothesis #2. Internal Observer

It is possible that our universe is watching itself. For example, using pairs of quantum entangled particles spaced apart in space as standards. Then the space between them is saturated with the probability of the existence of the process that generated these particles, which reaches its maximum density at the intersection of the trajectories of these particles. The existence of these particles also means the absence of a sufficiently large capture cross section on the trajectories of objects capable of absorbing these particles. The remaining assumptions remain the same as for the first hypothesis, except:

Time flow

External observation of an object approaching the event horizon of a black hole, if the “outside observer” is the determining factor of time in the universe, will slow down exactly twice - the shadow from the black hole will block exactly half of the possible trajectories of “gravitational radiation”. If the determining factor is the “internal observer”, then the shadow will block the entire trajectory of interaction and the flow of time for an object falling into a black hole will completely stop for a view from the outside.

Also, the possibility of combining these hypotheses in one proportion or another is not excluded.

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This wording includes a wide range of violations associated with the presence of one or more defects that contradict the traffic rules themselves or their Basic Provisions:

use of transport with hidden, fake or deliberately changed numbers,
not included or missing headlights and rear dimensions when driving in twilight, fog and darkness, windshield wipers not used in rain or snow,
any other malfunctions of the engine or other vehicle systems, the presence of which makes its operation illegal. In such cases, the driver must immediately eliminate them, and if this is not possible, then you need to get to the nearest parking lot or repair shop with the proper precautions and the “emergency gang” turned on:
1. the braking system does not guarantee the fixation of the vehicle on the required slope;
2. not adjusted according to GOST or dirty headlights and light diffusers, the use of lamps that are not suitable for devices of this type, improper installation of flashing beacons, preventing their visibility, etc.);
3. non-working wipers and windshield washers;
4. Tires with worn out treads (for each type of transport there are separate standards for the permissible residual height of the pattern), external defects due to which the cord remains exposed, delamination, fastener defects. It is also forbidden to install different-sized tires, a combination of winter and summer tires, new and old, studded and non-studded tires;
5. increased noise level and / or percentage of toxic substances in the exhaust during engine operation (these indicators are recorded in the relevant state standards), a malfunction of the power supply or exhaust gas system, as well as a violation of the tightness of the crankcase ventilation system;
6. inappropriate number, location or class of the rear-view mirror;
7. malfunction of the horn, door locks or constipation of the cargo platform, inoperative seat positioners, inoperative interior lighting devices, etc.

FROM complete list malfunctions that may become the subjects of an offense can be found in the traffic rules and their annexes. The offender is the driver or the person responsible for the admission of the vehicle to operation.

Fine - 500 rubles.

Driving a vehicle in the presence of malfunctions or conditions under which, in accordance with the Basic Provisions for the Authorization of Vehicles for Operation and the Duties of Officials for Ensuring Road Safety, the operation of the vehicle is prohibited, with the exception of malfunctions and conditions specified in parts 2-7 of this Article , -

entails

A WARNING

or the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of

500 rubles.

(As amended by Federal Law No. 169-FZ of July 23, 2013) size=-1>

– Rules of the road (SDA):

2.3.1. ... It is forbidden to drive with ... unlit (absent) headlights and rear position lights at night or in conditions of insufficient visibility, the windshield wiper not operating on the driver's side during rain or snowfall.

If OTHER FAULTS occur along the way, with which the operation of vehicles is prohibited by the annex to the Basic Provisions, the driver must eliminate them, and if this is not possible, then he can proceed to the place of parking or repair, observing the necessary precautions.

Having hidden, fake, changed numbers of units and assemblies ...

1. Brake systems

1.5. The parking brake system does not provide a stationary state:

- Vehicles with full load - on a slope of up to 16 percent;

- cars and buses in running order - on a slope of up to 23 percent inclusive;

- trucks and road trains in running order - on a slope of up to 31 percent. inclusive.

3. External lights

3.2. Headlight adjustment does not comply with GOST R 51709-2001.

3.3. ... outside lights and reflectors are dirty.

3.4. There are no diffusers on the lighting devices or diffusers and lamps are used that do not correspond to the type of this lighting device.

3.5. The installation of flashing beacons, the methods of their attachment and the visibility of the light signal do not meet the established requirements.

4. Windshield wipers and windshield washers

4.1. Windshield wipers do not work in the set mode.

4.2. The windshield washers provided for by the design of the vehicle do not work.

5. Wheels and tires

5.1. Passenger car tires have a residual tread height of less than 1.6 mm, trucks - 1 mm, buses - 2 mm, motorcycles and mopeds - 0.8 mm. (Note For trailers - the norms for the residual height of the tire tread pattern, similar to the norms for tires of vehicles - tractors.)

5.2. Tires have external damage (punctures, cuts, ruptures), exposing the cord, as well as delamination of the carcass, delamination of the tread and sidewall.

5.3. There is no mounting bolt (nut) or there are cracks in the disk and wheel rims, there are visible violations of the shape and size of the mounting holes.

5.4. Tires in size or load capacity do not match the vehicle model.

5.5. Tires of various sizes, designs (radial, diagonal, chamber, tubeless), models, with different tread patterns, frost-resistant and non-frost-resistant, new and retreaded, new and with a deep tread pattern, are installed on one axle of the vehicle. The vehicle is equipped with studded and non-studded tires.

6. Engine

6.2. The tightness of the power supply system is broken.

6.3. The system of release of the fulfilled gases is faulty.

6.4. The tightness of the crankcase ventilation system is broken.

6.5. The permissible level of external noise exceeds the values established by GOST R 52231-2004.

7. Other structural elements

7.1. The number, location and class of rear-view mirrors do not comply with GOST R 51709-2001, there are no glasses provided for by the design of the vehicle.

7.2. Sound signal does not work.

7.3. Additional items installed ... limiting visibility from the driver's seat.

7.4. The body or cabin door locks provided for by the design, the locks of the sides of the cargo platform, the locks of the necks of tanks and the plugs of the fuel tanks, the mechanism for adjusting the position of the driver's seat, the emergency door switch and the stop request signal on the bus, the interior lighting devices of the bus interior, emergency exits and drive devices do not work them into operation, a door control drive, a speedometer, a tachograph, anti-theft devices, glass heating and blowing devices.

7.5. The rear protective device, mudguards and mudguards provided for by the design are missing.

7.6. ... There are backlashes in the connections of the motorcycle frame with the frame of the side trailer.

7.7. Missing:

- by bus, car and truck, wheeled tractors - first aid kit, fire extinguisher, sign emergency stop according to GOST R 41.27-2001;

- on trucks with a maximum permitted weight of more than 3.5 tons and buses with a permitted maximum weight of more than 5 tons - wheel chocks (there must be at least two);

- on a motorcycle with a side trailer - a first aid kit, a warning triangle

7.9. There are no seat belts and (or) seat headrests if their installation is provided for by the design of the vehicle or the Basic Provisions for the admission of the vehicle to operation and the duties of officials to ensure road safety.

7.10. The seat belts are inoperable or have visible tears in the webbing.

7.11. Spare wheel holder, winch and spare wheel raising and lowering mechanism do not work. The ratchet device of the winch does not fix the drum with the fastening rope.

7.12. The semi-trailer is missing or has a faulty support device, locks for the transport position of the supports, mechanisms for raising and lowering the supports.

7.13. The tightness of the seals and connections of the engine, gearbox, final drives, rear axle, clutch, battery, cooling and air conditioning systems and hydraulic devices additionally installed on the vehicle is broken.

7.14. The technical parameters indicated on the outer surface of the gas cylinders of cars and buses equipped with a gas supply system do not correspond to the data technical passport, there are no dates of the last and planned survey.

7.16. Motorcycles do not have built-in safety bars.

7.17. On motorcycles and mopeds there are no footrests provided for by the design, transverse handles for passengers on the saddle.

7.18. Changes have been made to the design of the vehicle without the permission of the traffic police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation or other bodies determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

5) the head of the state traffic safety inspectorate, his deputy, the commander of the regiment (battalion, company) of the road patrol service, his deputy ...

6) employees of the State Road Safety Inspectorate with a special rank ...

– Overview of legislation and judicial practice Supreme Court Russian Federation for the 1st quarter of 2006

Question 9: Is a person subject to administrative liability for driving a vehicle with hidden, fake, changed numbers of units and assemblies?

Answer:... bringing a person to administrative responsibility based on the provisions of Articles 2.1, 2.2 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation is possible if there is his guilt, in whatever form it manifests itself, since its absence is one of the circumstances excluding the proceedings on an administrative offense.

Thus, if it is established that a person drove a vehicle that has hidden, fake, changed numbers of units and assemblies, he can be held administratively liable under Part 1 of Article 12.5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation if guilt is established in the actions of the person in the form of intent or negligence (Article 2.2 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).

Please note that the navigator, radar detector, telephone, video recorder, etc., attached to the windshield, are sometimes installed in such a way that they limit visibility from the driver's seat. Even a souvenir hanging on the rear-view mirror may not allow the driver to see the sign in time, the pedestrian on the side of the road, or the car leaving the side.

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